On Thursday, the Biden administration announced more than $80 million in funding to make more solar panels in the US, make solar power available to more people, and find superior alternatives to the ubiquitous shiny panels made from silicon.
The Energy Department announced the investment in the morning, and Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm plans to visit a local solar site in Washington in the afternoon. Public solar refers to a variety of mechanisms whereby tenants and people who do not control their rooftops can still receive electricity from solar energy. Two weeks ago, Vice President Kamala Harris announced what the administration says is the largest public solar efforts ever in the United States.
Now he’s set to spend $52 million on 19 solar projects in a dozen states, including $10 million on infrastructure legislation, and $30 million on technology to help integrate solar power into the grid.
The Department of Energy also selected 25 teams to compete in a $10 million competition designed to accelerate the efforts of solar energy developers working on public solar projects.
The Inflation Reduction Act already offers incentives for the construction of large solar energy projects, such as tax credits for renewables. But Ali Zaidi, the White House national climate adviser, said the new money is aimed at meeting the country’s climate goals in a way that benefits more communities.
“It lifts our workers and our communities. And that, I think, is what really excites us in this work,” Zaidi said. “This is a chance not only to tackle the climate crisis, but to bring economic opportunity to every zip code in America.”
The investment will help people save on their energy bills and make the grid more reliable, safer and more resilient to climate change, said Becca Jones-Albertus, director of the Energy Department’s Solar Energy Technology Division.
Jones-Albertus said she is particularly excited about the support for public solar projects because half of Americans don’t live in a situation where they can buy their own solar power and install it on their rooftops.
Michael Jung, Executive Director of the ICF Climate Center, agreed. “Public solar power can help address equity concerns as most of today’s rooftop solar panels benefit single-family home owners,” he said.
In typical community solar projects, households may invest in or subscribe to part of a larger off-site solar array. “What we are doing here is an attempt to unlock the public market for solar energy,” Jones-Albertus said.
According to the latest estimates, there are currently 5.3 gigawatts of total solar installed in the US. By 2025, five million households will have access to it, about three times as many as today, saving $1 billion on energy bills, Jones-Albertus said.
The new funding also highlights investments in next-generation solar technologies designed to generate more electricity from the same number of solar panels. Currently, only about 20% of solar energy is converted into electricity in the crystalline silicon solar cells that make up most solar panels. There has long been a hope for higher efficiency, and today’s announcement will funnel some money into the development of two alternatives: perovskite and cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells. Zaidi said this would allow the US to become “an innovation engine that can tackle the climate crisis.”
Joshua Rhodes, a scientist at the University of Texas at Austin, said investing in perovskites is good news. They can be produced cheaper than silicon and are much more resistant to defects, he says. They can also be built into textured and curved surfaces, opening up more options than traditional rigid panels. Rhodes noted that most of the silicon is produced in China and Russia.
Solar cadmium telluride can be made quickly and at low cost, but further research is needed to improve the material’s efficiency at converting sunlight into electrons.
Cadmium is also toxic and people should not be exposed to it. Jones-Albertus said that in cadmium telluride solar technology, the compound is stable and encapsulated in glass and additional protective layers.
The new funds will also help recycle solar panels and reuse rare earth elements and materials. “One of the most important ways to ensure that CdTe remains in a safe compound form is to ensure that all U.S.-made solar panels can be reused or recycled at the end of their life cycle,” Jones-Albertus explained.
Solar panel recycling also reduces solar energy waste and can provide materials for new panels. Eight of the projects announced Thursday focus on improving solar panel recycling, totaling about $10 million.
According to the administration, clean energy is suitable for every state in the country. A solar project in Shungnak, Alaska, has eliminated the need to continue generating electricity by burning diesel, a method sometimes used in remote communities that is harmful to human health and contributes to climate change.
“Alaska is not a place that people often think of when they think of solar energy, but this energy can be a cost-effective and accessible resource in all parts of the country,” Jones-Albertus said.